Compressor.



G H. REYNOLDS.

COMPRESSOR.

APYLIOATIOI FI ED MAR. 25, 1907.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES Patented De c'. 20, 1910.

G. H. REYNOLDS.

COMPRESSOR.

' APPLICATION FILED MAR. 25, 1907.

' Patented Dec. 20, 1910.

6 SHEETS-$111331 2.

- G. H. REYNOLDS.

COMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION FILED 111111.25, 1907.

Patented Dec. 20, 1910.

6 SHEETS-SHEET a.

W/TNESSES W I I G.H.REYNOLDS.

- GOMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.25, 1907.

Patented Dec. 20, 1910.

' 6 8HBET8SHEET 4. 6' l 6' I gfi;

G. H. REYNOLDS.

oommnssoa. APPLICATION FILED MAE.26, 1907.

Patented Dec.20, 1910.

I e BHEBTB-QKEET 5.

. G. H. REYNOLDS.

COMPRESSOR. APPLmA Tx oN FILED um. zmiaov. 978,931 Patented Dec, 20, 1910. e sums-sum e.

U ITED sriirns PATENT OFFICE.

' GEORGE H. 'REYNOLDS, OF MANSFIELD DEPOT, GUNNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE REYNOLDS ICE MACHINE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORlkTION OF NEW YORK COMPRESSOR.

978,937. Specification 01:

Letter If Patented Dec. 20, 1910.

Original application filed October 31, 1906, Serial No. 341,391. Divided and this application filed March 25,

' I 1907. Serial No. semis;

erating apparatus such as shown, for ex-' am 31a, in my application Serial No 341,391, fileil October 31st, 1906 of which this ap plication is a division; q I

Among the objects of my invention may be noted the following: to provide a mechanism bymeans of which gas or other fluid can be etl'ectually compressed'for any desired use; to provide acompressing"mechanism which is double actingand capable of compressing the fluids twice for each reciprocation of the piston; to provide a compressor wherein. the fluid compression chamber-ris so constructed as to enable the same to be quicklycooled so as to cool the fluid, to readily receive and effectually deliver the fluid andto take car e/ of any quantity necessary for-an apparatus of practically any capacity"; and to-provide various improved features of construction 1 which render the compressor effective in operation, durable and compact.

\Vith the above objects in View, and others which will be detailed during the course of this descriptiomthis invention consists in the parts featureS, elements and combinations of elements hereinhet'oredescribed and claimed. y i V In order that my inventionmay be'readily" understood,,I have shown the same, in the accol upanying dra'iiii'igs, in. connection with ,an icemachine such as shown ini'ny application aforesaid and in said drawingsz Fig ure 1 represents diagrammatically all the essential details of the apparatus constituting an ice making or refrigerating machine wherein my invention of this application is an important fcaturer Fig. 2 shows a side elevation of so much of the said apparatus as is deemed necessary to illustrate the gen-- eral arangement of the parts of the same and the particular disposition of the com- Fig. 3 is a longitudinal, vertical section of.

the compression cylinder of my invention together with the primer pump, showing the pistons and a portion of the driving means for the latter, the location only of the valves in the ends of the compression cylinder being shown in dotted lines, in order to avoid confusion of parts: Fig. 4 is an end elevation ofv'the compression cylinder, a portion of the primer pump cylinder being shown section: Fig. 5 is a vertical cross sectio "(if the *compression cylinder substant ally on the line 5-5 of Fig. 3, the arrows" showing the direction of sight and the piston being removed: Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of thecompression cylinder on the line.

6,6 of Fig. {l looking iii the direction of the arrow, and the figure also showing the end chambers ofthe compression cylinder 'jn'section, iniod r to illustrate the valve construction a 1d disposition; and Fig. 7 1s a vertical longitudinal section of the central portion of the apparatus showing the pose ition of the driving shaft and crank and th connection of the latter with the piston drivingframe. V

In order that'the compressor made the 'subject -of this application may be readily understood, the principles ofop'erationof the apparatus inconnection with which it is shown for example, will be briefly set forth in connection with the diagrammatic view of F 1' The waterwhich" is employed as a cooling medium for the gas in the refrigerating apparatus is conveyed to the latter by CODDQCtlOH"Wltll any suitablewater main,

plugorspigot, through the water inlet pipe 1,]the pump 2 being employed for causing the proper'circulation of water through the ap )ara'tus, and the water, after leaving the .-pump,' being driven through the pipe con nection 3, to theoom p'ressor. 4, and from the V latter through the pipe 5 to the cooling tank 6, and from the latter: through the pipe 7 to the sewer or any suitable drain. As will be presently disclosed, the compression cylinder or tank has combined with it a primer pump mechanism which, in the diagram of Fig. 1, is illustratedby the small pipeconnrotion 8 tapped into' the return" pipe of the pressor made the subject of this application:

air circulating system zit-the point indicategi by 9, the other end-of saidprimer'pump shc' loo ing tapped into the compression cylinder at 10, in order to illustrate that the compression cylinder may be primarily suppliedwith air and thereafter constantly supplied with air in order to keep up the volume of gas or other circulating medium. The gas on leaving the compression tank passes through the pipe or con. nit 11, into the cooling tank, 6, and through coils'or pipes therein, passes therefrom through the conduit 12 to the expansion cylinder 13, thence passing through the conduit 14 to the cold room, or other place or point of refrigeration indicated in the diagram of Fig. l at 15. After accom- 15 plishing its Work in the cold room, the gas passes through the return conduit 16, to the expansion cylinder, where it is again compressed and compelled to re-perform its work. lVith' this general statement of the character of the apparatus in, which my are combined, in order to form a simple and compact refrigerating apparatus, will be seen and understood; and in said View the main frame is indicated at 17, which supports pillow blocks or journal bearings for the driving shaft- 20, which latter carries at one end the driving wheel 21, which may, if desired, be a sprocket wheel driven by a sprocket chain 22. At one end the main frame supports, or is formed into the frame structure 23 carryingthe compression mechanism 4:, and upon said frame a superstructure 25 is mounted, which carries a cooling cylinder 6. At the opposite end of the main frame thelat-ter supports a frame structure .26 which carries the expansion mechanism generally indicated by 24, together with its allied valve mechanism. This general dist position of parts places the driving shaft 20 transversely and centrally of the frame Q'structurc, gives balance and compactness to the several devices of the apparatus and brings the several essential mechanisms into intimate relation, so as to form a compact and economical arrangement from which all vibration is practically eliminated. This arrangen'lent of parts also places the compression and expansion cylinders substantially in the longitudinal axis of the apparatus and enables them to take thedirect thrusts of the driving shafts in and along their lon- .gitudinal axes without strain upon the apparatus or any of its mechanisms. Further more, by the arrangement ust described of the several mechan sms of the apparatus I ar n enabled. to mount thcdriving motor 19 directly above the driving shaft and in such position that its driving pulley or sprocket wheel 19 may receive the sprocket chain 22 and impart direct drive to the driving wheel 21.

The primer pump which is employed to pump or force into the receiving or return chamber of the compressor the circulating and refrigerating medium, is carried in the lower portion of the compressor frame structure, as indicated at. 27, such portion of the frame receiving the pump cylinder 28, which is secured to the 1 time by a suitable coupling at one end, generally indicated by 2.), and forming a part of the stutlin box for the piston 30, the forward end of which latter is'tubular and. operates within the cylinder and carries at its front end the head containing the outlet valve 31 as usual. The outer end of the cylinder is secured to the frame section 27 by means of the outlet-valve couplingportion 32 of usual construction, a conduit 3; from which extends to the adjacent head ill of the compression chamber. The piston 30 of the. pump is connected to the cross-head or reciprocating driving frame 35 by means of the pivot bolt 36. By using the primer pump, the apparatus, in which my compressor is an important part, may be provided primarily, and at all times during its operation, with suliicient gas to insure its successful, constant and automatic operation.

The compression mechanism of my present. invention is shown more particularly in Figs. 3, 4-, 5 and 6, and referring thereto, the cylinder of the compressor is indiated by 37 and is prefe'ably made of brass, and is provided at each end with a flange 38, which surrounds the cylinder and affords a bearing for the samenvithin the main frame t, the latter having corresponding flanges or bearings 39 surrounding the cylinder 37, the frame and cylinder thus forming a water-jacket -'l0. The periphery of the cyl inder 34' is provided with circumferential corrugations or flanges 41, which give to the exterior of said cylinder a greater coolingsurfacc or area. The hollow heads 34 and 1-2 at the opposite ends of the frame t close the latter and the cylinder at both ends, and the heads? affords a hearing at 43 for the piston ll carrying the head 4-5,

which operates within the cylinder 3?,the

opposite head. 34 of the frame being provided with a' recess 1-6 for the reception of the outer end of the piston M, which cxten'ds'beyon'd its head 45. A suitable bushing and stuffing-box construction, gen rally indicated at 47, surrounds the piston a the cylinder head 42 for the usual purposes, and the said piston -14 is pivotally connected at 48 with the reciprocating frame 35,

and substantially niidivay of the latter.

ion

The cylinder ",4 is also provided with alongitudinally extending frame 49, se'e Fig. 5,located so ais to, cotiperatewithan oppositely disposed flanged-50 projecting from the inside oflthe frame portion 27,

above the priiner pumpcylinder 28, and into'the' space-4 jacket surroundin the cylinder 37. These two fiangeszjdii'eng 50 are so proportioned that they do jnot," engage each other, but stand slightly septirated so as to permit the )assage of watenand yet constitute a bathe preventingthei free floivg of water past them,

.-and compelling the great-rolumeof water to take passage aroundlthe cylinder 37 in the/directionof the arrow a thus providing 'a'means whereby practically the full flowv or golume of water will pass around the cylinder and come ll'lCODbflCfi with substantially every port-ion of the surface thereof;

By this construction, although water is haflled in its free passage around the bottom (if-the cylinder 37 and is compelled to take the course around and over the top of said cylinder, it may, however, pass to some extent between the two flanges and it will, moreover, accumulate in the chamber afforded by the frame portion 27 around the primer pump cylinder 28 and will, in this chamber, form an eddy and receivean agitation suiiicient to prevent the Water from remaining quietin said chamber 2T and'becoming heated therein. The water, which .is the cooling medium for the gas, is, as

previously described, taken from any main "or tap and pumped to the water-jacket of the compression chamber by meansof the pump 2 and enters the said compression I chamber through the conduit 8 and the inlet '51-.of the frame of the compressor and passes from said water-jacket through the outlet 52, and then passes l-ntothe cooling tank 6, of the apparatus. The an. or gas returning from the cold room through the =duit 8, as shown in Fig. 1.

pression cylinder through the inlet which communicates with the passage 54 extendmg across the top of the frame 4, which in turn communicates with the chamber 55 of the head Maud a corresponding chamber in theopposite head l2, if the air is supplied by means of the primer .pun'ip'sl-iown in Fig. 6, it will be conveyed directly to the chamber551'of the head 34 by means of the coni'constituting the water the passages 54 and 64:, respectively, at a right-anglef Hence, in Fig; 6, through the several valves 56 and63 appear tojfbe cog operating with'the passages 54 and 64, they are, in point of fact, considerably below the latterso' as to cotiperate with the chamber 37, as will be readily understood upon reference to, Figs. 3 and 5. With this-. relimi nary explanation, the following description will be understood.

From the chamber 55, the air asses to the cylinder 37, in front of and be ind the 'piston head 45 through the inlet valves disposed in thepassages between the'chambers and the cylinder 37,see-- Fig. 6,-said inlet valves each consistingof. the beveled disk-56, carried by stem. 57 ,journaled at ohe end in spider 58, and at the other in the outer wall of head 34, a screw-cap 59 affording the latter journal-bearing The spring 60 surrounding the stem 57 operates a to hold the valve head 56against its seat, afforded by a flanged ring 61 Screwed into the adjacent framing of-head 34. In order 'that the valve heads 56 may be limited in their forward. movement, the adjacent ends of the cylinder 37 are caused to overlap said valve heads as at 62, and act as a sto 3, thus also preventing said heads, shoul -the v break, from falling into the cylinder 37. Afterentering the cylinderv 37" and being f' compressed therein either in front of or behind the piston, the gas will be passed through the outlet valves at opposite ends of the cylinder, which are generally indicated'by 63, into the end chambers 55, and;' from thence will proceed along passage 64; and outlet, 65 to the conduit 1:1,see Fig. 1,'-to the cooling chamber 6. f The, outlet valves are held in position by means of the; Q

spring 66 surrounding the stem ,67, the latter being 1ournaled at the opposite ends in a spider (l8 and screw-plug 69, respectively held in the opposite walls of'the head 34.

Referring-now to Fig. 7; it will be seen 1 that the driving shaft 20 is provided with a crank 70 with whicha Scotch-yoke cooperates to actuate the driving frame 35 to which the pump piston 30 is pivoted, and to which i also the piston 44 pivoted, as previously 31,15

Th1s driving frame is composed of the uprights, 'oneof'which has already;

described.

beenindicated as 35, and thecroSs-bearings, top and b0ttom,'41,wh1ch latter slide in ways 72 at top and bottom respectively of the frame 1 structure which is grooved; for the 1 purpose p and which must he obviously lubricated for/ ease of movement. The expansion mecha n1sm'26 contains a cylinder wherein operates a piston driven by the rod 73, also/pivoted to the driving frame 35, as at T4. 'lhus the driving shaft; operates through/the- S'cot ch-yoketo drive the, frame or pistons for both the compressor and" "expansion mechanisms, and also the piston 'for th primer pump. The pitm'an rod 75 is also connected to the driving shaft and atits opposite end cooperates with the valv mechanism as at 76, -Fig. 2,-of the expansion chamber for the functions of that apparatus, but this mechanism forms no part of the present invention, .and consequently has not been illustratedin detail.

Having described the details of my invention as I now contemplate the same, the folthe gas will ententhrough the inlet valves into one end of the cylinder and pass out of the latter through the outlet valves in the same end of the cylinder. ,Passing into the chamber 55 from the passage 54 the gas will enter the cylinder through the inlet valves be compressed in said cylinder and expelled through the outlet valves into a chamber 55 andwillthen traverse the passage 64 and outlet 65'and proceed through the conduit previously described to the cooling cylinder. The water which is used as a cooling medium for the gas will be forced by the pump throughthe conduit 3 to the inlet 51 ofthe-compression chamber, entering the water-jacket and having a normal tendency to descend into the space surrounding the primer pump cylinder, but the battle flanges or plates 49-50 will prevent the flow of \vateinin that direction and cause the same to back up and pass around the cylinder in the direction of the arrow (1, thus passing entirely a rou'nd the cylinder and eventually leavirfg the con'iprcs ion chamber through the'outlet 52, whence it will pass to the cooling tank through the conduit 9 through thecooling tank 6, and thence thrrmgh the waste pipe 7. Obviously the battle plates 49+50 cause the water/to flow back upon and around the pump cylinder, thus creatinglagitation in the chamber of the frame section 27, and causing the water to eddy around the pump cylinder and reiua in constantly 'c'oolin the said chamber.

I I'avingtluis described my invention, what ll claimand. desire to secure by Letters Pat out is: i

1. A compression mechanism including among its esse'ntial'elements a' double-acting con'ipression chamber comprising a cylinder; a water-jacket surrounding the same;

inlet and outlet ports arranged at opposi'te sides of'the, jacket at the-bottom thereof;- valve-chambers'at opposite ends of the cylpart direct thrusts thereto.

inder; inlet and outlet valves connecting the said VillVG-Clltllllbls with the said cylinder; parallel inlet and outlet passages extending along the top of said compression chamber and connecting said valve-chambers; and inlet and outlet ports extending; from said passages to the outside of said cylinder at opposite sides thereof and parallel with and above the first-mentioned ports.

2. A compression mechanism comprising a frame supporting a cylinder; a Waterjacket surrounding the cylinder; a primerpump carried by the f ime within 'the water-jacket; air chambess at each end of the cylinder; inlet and outlet valves commu' nicating with said chambers and the cylinder; connections between the primer-pump and one of the chambers; and inlet and outletpassages connecting with the chambers.

3. A compression mechanism comprising a cylinder; a water-jacket surrounding the cylinder; a baffle in the jacket located at the bottom. of the cylinder; a Water inlet at one side of the jacket near its bottom; and a water outlet at the other side of the jacket near its bottom, whereby Water may be caused, by said battle, to pass entirely around said cylinder.

4. A compression mechanism comprising a cylinder; a water-jacket surrounding the same having a chamber in the bottom thereof; a primer-pump located in the chamber;

"a water inlet to the jacket; a wateroutlet from the jacket; and a bathe located in the jacket in the path of the water so as to compel the same to take its course around the cylinder from the inlet to the outlet and so as to create an agitation of the water in the said chamber around the primer-pump.

5. A compression mechanism comprising a cylinder; a water-jacl ct surrounding the .cylinder; air chambers at opposite ends of the cylinder; inlet and outlet valves connectingthe cylinder with the chambers; a

a water inlet near the bottom of the cylinder on one side; an air inlet near the top of the cylinder'above the said inlet; a Water outlet on the oppositcs'ide' of the cylinder near the bottom of the latter; and an air. inlet above the said 'water outlet.

6', In combination a: compression mechin nism including a cylinder; a piston operat--- ingtherein; a water-jacketsurrounding the, cylinder g air chambers and passages leading to and tromthe said cylinder; a primerpump supplying. the cylinder with gas; means supplying the jacket with water; and means for actuating the piston and pump including a reciprocating frame having right-line movements and pivotally connected to the said piston and pump so as to im- 7. In combination a compression mechamsm includlnga cyllnder and piston reciprocating therein: means for supplylng gas to the cylinder; :1 jacket eur roum iing the In testim ony whereof I have hereunto cylinder; means supplying Water to the signed my name in the presence of two subjacket; a rotary shait; a frame operatively scribing Witnesses. connected to the shaft; means for confining GEORGE REYNOLDS.

, said frame to right-line reciprocations; and. \Vitnesses:

a pivotal connection-between the piston and QIIAS. M00. CHAPMAN,

said frame. M. I'IERSKOVITZ. 

